List of European Countries and Capitals

The table gives every country with its capital and its currency. The last column shows which of the three counts include it, so you can cut the list down to 44 or 50 if your class or textbook uses one of those. For the same countries sorted into Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Europe, see European countries by region.

All 51 European countries and capitals, A to Z

• Albania

  Capital:

  Tirana

  Currency:

  Albanian lek

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

• Andorra

  Capital:

  Andorra la Vella

  Currency:

  Euro

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

• Armenia

  Capital:

  Yerevan

  Currency:

  Armenian dram

  Counted in:

  50, 51

• Austria

  Capital:

  Vienna

  Currency:

  Euro

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

• Azerbaijan

  Capital:

  Baku

  Currency:

  Azerbaijani manat

  Counted in:

  50, 51

• Belarus

  Capital:

  Minsk

  Currency:

  Belarusian ruble

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

• Belgium

  Capital:

  Brussels

  Currency:

  Euro

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

• Bosnia and Herzegovina

  Capital:

  Sarajevo

  Currency:

  Convertible mark

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

• Bulgaria

  Capital:

  Sofia

  Currency:

  Euro

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

• Croatia

  Capital:

  Zagreb

  Currency:

  Euro

  Counted in:

  44, 50, 51

European countries, capitals and currencies, A to Z

Country	Capital	Currency	Counted in
Albania	Tirana	Albanian lek	44, 50, 51
Andorra	Andorra la Vella	Euro	44, 50, 51
Armenia	Yerevan	Armenian dram	50, 51
Austria	Vienna	Euro	44, 50, 51
Azerbaijan	Baku	Azerbaijani manat	50, 51
Belarus	Minsk	Belarusian ruble	44, 50, 51
Belgium	Brussels	Euro	44, 50, 51
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	Convertible mark	44, 50, 51
Bulgaria	Sofia	Euro	44, 50, 51
Croatia	Zagreb	Euro	44, 50, 51

Show all 51

Czechia is also called the Czech Republic. Turkey asked the UN in 2022 to use the name Türkiye, and the UN now does. Capitals are in their usual English spelling, so Reykjavik and Chisinau appear without accents.

How many countries are in Europe: 44, 50 or 51?

No list is official. The count depends on where you put the eastern edge of Europe, and on whether Kosovo counts as a country.

44 is the UN's figure. The UN Statistics Division puts 44 countries in Europe in its M49 standard, the regions it uses for its own statistics: 43 member states plus Vatican City, whose Holy See takes part at the UN as an observer. Russia is in, although most of its land lies in Asia.

50 adds six countries on the edge. The UN files Turkey, Cyprus, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan under Western Asia and Kazakhstan under Central Asia, yet each has ties to Europe. Britannica says Turkey and Cyprus may be regarded as parts of Europe, and the boundary most geographers use takes in a small part of Kazakhstan. Cyprus is in the EU, and Turkey, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan belong to the Council of Europe.

51 adds Kosovo, which declared independence from Serbia in 2008. Serbia still claims it and it is not a UN member, so the UN leaves it out. This list and our Europe Countries Game count it.

None of the counts include places that are not independent. The UN's Europe region also lists Gibraltar, the Faroe Islands, Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, but they are not countries in their own right. Countries on two continents goes further into Turkey, Russia, Kazakhstan and the Caucasus.

European capitals people get wrong

• Turkey: Ankara, not Istanbul. Istanbul is the biggest city, but Ankara has been the capital since 1923.
• Switzerland: Bern, not Zurich or Geneva. Bern is the seat of government, and the federal supreme court sits in Lausanne.
• Netherlands: Amsterdam. It is the capital, but the government sits in The Hague.
• Kazakhstan: Astana. The capital moved there from Almaty in 1997. The city was renamed Nur-Sultan in 2019 and got its old name back in 2022.
• Montenegro: Podgorica. Cetinje, the old royal seat, keeps the title of Old Royal Capital.
• Cyprus: Nicosia. The city is also the seat of the Turkish Cypriot state in the north, which only Turkey recognises.

Four capitals share their country's name: Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City.

Which European countries are in the EU and use the euro?

The European Union has 27 members: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. Croatia was the last to join, in 2013. The United Kingdom left on 31 January 2020, which is why older lists say 28.

21 of the 27 use the euro. Bulgaria is the newest, from 1 January 2026. Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Sweden keep their own money.

Six countries outside the EU pay in euros too. Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City have monetary agreements with the EU. Kosovo and Montenegro have used the euro since 2002 without any currency of their own. That makes 27 of the 51 countries in the table.

your turn!

Can you name all 51 from memory?

Type every European country you can think of and watch the map fill in green, against the clock.

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