All European Countries and Capitals

Ziga StrausPublished Updated
EU flags waving in front of the European Commission building in Brussels, Belgium.

This guide brings together a practical list of European countries and capitals in one place. We include the commonly listed sovereign states associated with Europe, plus the transcontinental or Europe-linked countries that often appear in broader regional datasets.

Countries Included

51

Sovereign states commonly listed in European country datasets

Microstates

6

Andorra, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City

Download The Dataset

Need a reusable dataset for school, travel planning, content research, or SEO keyword intent around CSV exports? Download our European countries and capitals CSV file.

Download CSV

One reason lists of European countries can be confusing is that geography, politics, and culture do not always align perfectly. Countries such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, and Georgia are often grouped with Europe in political or cultural contexts, while Russia, Turkey, and Kazakhstan are transcontinental states spanning more than one region.

European Countries and Capitals Dataset

  • Albania

    CapitalTirana
    StatusEuropean
    NotesSoutheast Europe

  • Andorra

    CapitalAndorra la Vella
    StatusEuropean
    NotesPyrenean microstate

  • Armenia

    CapitalYerevan
    StatusEurope-linked

    Notes

    Often included in Europe-focused lists

  • Austria

    CapitalVienna
    StatusEuropean
    NotesCentral Europe

  • Azerbaijan

    CapitalBaku
    StatusEurope-linked
    NotesSouth Caucasus state

  • Belarus

    CapitalMinsk
    StatusEuropean
    NotesEastern Europe

  • Belgium

    CapitalBrussels
    StatusEuropean
    NotesEU and NATO hub

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina

    CapitalSarajevo
    StatusEuropean
    NotesWestern Balkans

  • Bulgaria

    CapitalSofia
    StatusEuropean
    NotesSoutheast Europe

  • Croatia

    CapitalZagreb
    StatusEuropean
    NotesAdriatic country

  • Cyprus

    CapitalNicosia
    StatusEurope-linked

    Notes

    Politically tied to Europe, geographically in West Asia

  • Czech Republic

    CapitalPrague
    StatusEuropean
    NotesAlso called Czechia

  • Denmark

    CapitalCopenhagen
    StatusEuropean
    NotesNordic country

  • Estonia

    CapitalTallinn
    StatusEuropean
    NotesBaltic state

  • Finland

    CapitalHelsinki
    StatusEuropean
    NotesNordic country

  • France

    CapitalParis
    StatusEuropean
    NotesWestern Europe

  • Georgia

    CapitalTbilisi
    StatusEurope-linked
    NotesSouth Caucasus state

  • Germany

    CapitalBerlin
    StatusEuropean
    NotesLargest EU economy

  • Greece

    CapitalAthens
    StatusEuropean
    NotesSouthern Europe

  • Hungary

    CapitalBudapest
    StatusEuropean
    NotesCentral Europe

  • Iceland

    CapitalReykjavik
    StatusEuropean
    NotesNorth Atlantic island state

  • Ireland

    CapitalDublin
    StatusEuropean

    Notes

    Island nation west of Great Britain

  • Italy

    CapitalRome
    StatusEuropean
    NotesSouthern Europe

  • Kazakhstan

    CapitalAstana
    StatusTranscontinental
    NotesSmall western part in Europe

  • Kosovo

    CapitalPristina
    StatusPartially recognized
    NotesIncluded in many Europe datasets

  • Latvia

    CapitalRiga
    StatusEuropean
    NotesBaltic state

  • Liechtenstein

    CapitalVaduz
    StatusEuropean
    NotesAlpine microstate

  • Lithuania

    CapitalVilnius
    StatusEuropean
    NotesBaltic state

  • Luxembourg

    CapitalLuxembourg
    StatusEuropean

    Notes

    Microstate with same-name capital

  • Malta

    CapitalValletta
    StatusEuropean
    NotesMediterranean island state

  • Moldova

    CapitalChisinau
    StatusEuropean
    NotesEastern Europe

  • Monaco

    CapitalMonaco
    StatusEuropean
    NotesCity-state on the French Riviera

  • Montenegro

    CapitalPodgorica
    StatusEuropean
    NotesAdriatic Balkan state

  • Netherlands

    CapitalAmsterdam
    StatusEuropean
    NotesGovernment seat is The Hague

  • North Macedonia

    CapitalSkopje
    StatusEuropean
    NotesWestern Balkans

  • Norway

    CapitalOslo
    StatusEuropean
    NotesNordic country

  • Poland

    CapitalWarsaw
    StatusEuropean
    NotesCentral Europe

  • Portugal

    CapitalLisbon
    StatusEuropean
    NotesIberian Peninsula

  • Romania

    CapitalBucharest
    StatusEuropean
    NotesSoutheast Europe

  • Russia

    CapitalMoscow
    StatusTranscontinental

    Notes

    Large state spanning Europe and Asia

  • San Marino

    CapitalSan Marino
    StatusEuropean
    NotesEnclave within Italy

  • Serbia

    CapitalBelgrade
    StatusEuropean
    NotesBalkan state

  • Slovakia

    CapitalBratislava
    StatusEuropean
    NotesCentral Europe

  • Slovenia

    CapitalLjubljana
    StatusEuropean
    NotesCentral Europe

  • Spain

    CapitalMadrid
    StatusEuropean
    NotesIberian Peninsula

  • Sweden

    CapitalStockholm
    StatusEuropean
    NotesNordic country

  • Switzerland

    CapitalBern
    StatusEuropean
    NotesFederal city is Bern

  • Turkey

    CapitalAnkara
    StatusTranscontinental
    NotesMostly in Asia, partly in Europe

  • Ukraine

    CapitalKyiv
    StatusEuropean
    NotesEastern Europe

  • United Kingdom

    CapitalLondon
    StatusEuropean

    Notes

    Sovereign state in northwest Europe

  • Vatican City

    CapitalVatican City
    StatusEuropean

    Notes

    Independent city-state within Rome

For learners, this list is useful because capitals often appear in quizzes, classroom worksheets, and travel prep. For publishers and marketers, a clean CSV download creates a more useful resource than a plain article alone, especially for searches around terms like European countries dataset, capitals CSV, or Europe country list download.

If you are using this dataset, it is worth stating your inclusion rule clearly. Some lists aim for a strict physical-geography definition of Europe, while others include politically or culturally European states and partially recognized countries that regularly appear in educational material.

Methodology and Sources

This article uses a broad educational definition of Europe that matches many classroom lists and public reference pages. It includes widely recognized European sovereign states, common Europe-linked countries in the South Caucasus, transcontinental countries that are frequently listed with Europe, and Kosovo as a partially recognized state often included in educational datasets.

Know the capitals, now know the flags

Fifty-one countries is a lot to hold in your head. The Europe flag quiz is the fastest way to find out which ones actually stuck.

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See how Europe is commonly grouped into Northern, Southern, Western, Central, and Eastern regions.

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Countries on Two Continents

Why Russia, Turkey and Kazakhstan appear on some Europe lists but not others.

Written by

Ziga Straus

I build and run Geography Games on my own, from the games and the artwork to these articles. Everything here is checked against published references, and each article lists its sources at the bottom so you can verify any figure yourself rather than taking my word for it.

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